bavptisma jIwavnnou undergo John’s baptism Lk 7:29 . eij" tiv ejbaptivsqhte ; Ac 19:3 means, as the answer shows, in reference to what ( baptism ) were you baptized?, i.e ., what kind of baptism did you receive? Or, w. ref. to vs. 5, in whose name? ( s. 2b b below). b. bavptisma metanoiva" administer a repentance baptism vs. 4; GEb 1.— Cf. the lit. on jIwavn(n)h" 1, and on the baptism of Jesus by John: JBornemann, D. Taufe Christi durch Joh. 1896; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest ² ’11; DVölter, D. Taufe Jesu durch Joh.: NThT 6, ’17, 53-76; WEBundy, The Meaning of Jesus’ Baptism: Journ. of Rel. 7, ’27, 56-75; MWJacobus, Zur Taufe Jesu bei Mt 3:14 , 15 : NKZ 40, ’29, 44-53; Selma Hirsch, Taufe, Versuchung u. Verklärung Jesu ’32; DPlooij, The Baptism of Jesus: RHarris- Festschr. (Amicitiae Corolla) ’33, 229-52; JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36; HHRowley, TWManson memorial vol., ed. Higgins ’59, 218-29 [Qumran]; JSchneider, Der historische Jesus u. d. kerygmatische Christus ’61, 530-42; HKraft, ThZ 17, ’61, 399-412 [Joel]; FLentzen-Dies, D. Taufe Jesu nach den Synoptikern, ’70. More ref. s.v. peristerav .
b. of Christian baptism— a. performed by Jesus’ disciples J 3:22 , 26 ; 4:1 , cf. 2. As the Christian sacrament of initiation after Jesus’ death Ac 2:41 ; 8:12 f , 36 , 38 ; 16:33 ; 22:16 ; 1 Cor 1:14-17 ; D 7 (where baptism by pouring is allowed in cases of necessity); ISm 8:2.

b. b. tina; eij" (to;) o[nomav tino" ( s. o[noma I 4c b ) baptize in or w. respect to the name of someone: ( tou`) kurivou Ac 8:16 ; 19:5 ; D 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3. Cf. 1 Cor 1:13 , 15 . eij" t. o[n. t. patro;" kai; t. uiJou` kai; t. aJgivou pneuvmato" Mt 28:19 (on the original form of the baptismal formula see FC Conybeare, ZNW 2, ’01, 275-88; ERiggenbach, BFChTh VII 1, ’03; VIII 4, ’04; HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie ² I ’11, 449 f ; OMoe: RSeeberg Festschr. ’29, I 179-96; GOngaro, Biblica 19, ’38, 267-79; GBraumann, Vorpaulinische christl. Taufverkündigung bei Paulus ’62); D 7:1, 3. Likew. ejn tw`/ ojn. jI. Cristou` Ac 2:38 v.l .; 10:48 ; ejpi; tw`/ ojn. jI. Cr . Ac 2:38 text; more briefly eij" Cristovn Gal 3:27 ; Ro 6:3 a. To be baptized eij" Cr. is for Paul a sharing in Christ’s death eij" to;n qavnaton aujtou` ejbaptivsqhmen vs. 3b (s. Ltzm. ad loc .; HSchlier, Ev. Theol. ’38, 335-47; GWagner, D. rel-geschichtliche Problem von Rö 6:1-11, ’62, Eng. tr. Pauline Bapt. and the Pagan Mysteries, by JPSmith, ’67; RSchnackenburg, Baptism in the Thought of St. Paul ’64, Eng. tr. of D. Heilsgeschehen b.
d. Taufe nach dem Ap. Paulus ’50). The effect of baptism is to bring all those baptized eij" e}n sw`ma 1 Cor 12:13 .
g. w. the purpose given eij" a[fesin t. aJmartiw`n Ac 2:38 (IScheftelowitz, D. Sündentilgung durch Wasser: ARW 17, ’14, 353-412).— Diod. S. 5, 49, 6: the pagans believe that by being received into the mysteries by the rites [ teletaiv ] they become more devout, more just, and better in every way.— uJpe;r
t. nekrw`n 1 Cor 15:29 a, cf. b, is obscure; it has been interpr. (1) locally, over (the graves of) the dead;
(2) on account of the dead, infl. by their good ex. ; (3) for the benefit of the dead, in var. mngs. See comm. and HPreisker, ZNW 23, ’24, 298-304; JZingerle, Heiliges Recht: Jahresh. d. Õst. Arch. Inst. 23, ’26; Rtzst., Taufe 43 f ; AMarmorstein, ZNW 30, ’31, 277-85; AB Oliver, Rev. and Exp. 34, ’37, 48-53; three articles: Kirchenblatt 98, ’42 and six: ET 54, ’43; 55, ’44; MRaeder, ZNW 46, ’56, 258-60; BMFoschini, 5 articles: CBQ 12, ’50 and 13, ’51.—On the substitution of a ceremony by another person cf. Diod. S. 4, 24, 5: the boys who do not perform the customary sacrifices lose their voices and become as dead persons in the sacred precinct. When someone takes a vow to make the sacrifice for them, their trouble disappears at once.

3. in fig. sense though related to the idea of Christian baptism.
a. typologically of Israel’s passage through the Red Sea eij" to;n Mwu>sh`n ejbaptivsanto ( v.l. ejbaptivsqhsan ), thereby affirming his leadership 1 Cor 10:2 .
b. b. tina; (ejn) pneuvmati aJgivw/ Mk 1:8 ( v.l. + ejn ); J 1:33 ; Ac 1:5 b; 11:16 b. Cf. 1 Cor 12:13 ; ejn pn. aJg. kai; puriv Mt 3:11 b; Lk 3:16 b (JDunn, NovT 14, ’72, 81-92).—On baptism w. fire: REisler, Orphisch-dionysische Mysterienged. in d. christl. Antike: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg II 2, ’25, 139 ff ; C-MEdsman, Le baptême de feu (Acta Sem. Neot. Upsal. 9) ’40.—JATRobinson, The Baptism of John and Qumran, HTR 50, ’57, 175-91; cf. IQS 4, 20 f.